Switch to Computers and Structures template

parent 1feed645
\g@addto@macro\@biboptions{,numbers}
This is Elsevier's new document class for typeset journal articles,
elsarticle.cls. It is now accepted for submitted articles, both in
Elsevier's electronic submission system and elsewhere.
Elsevier's previous document class for typeset articles, elsart.cls,
is now over 15 years old. It has been replaced with this newly written
document class elsarticle.cls, which has been developed for Elsevier
by the leading TeX developer STM Document Engineering Pvt Ltd.
elsarticle.cls is based upon the standard LaTeX document class
article.cls. It uses natbib.sty for bibliographical references.
Bugs and problems with elsarticle.cls may be reported to the
developers of the class via elsarticle@stmdocs.in.
The file manifest.txt provides a list of the files in the elsarticle
bundle. The following are the main files available:
- elsarticle.dtx, the dtx file
- elsdoc.pdf, the user documentation
- elsarticle-template-num.tex, template file for numerical citations
- elsarticle-template-harv.tex, template file for name-year citations
- elsarticle-template-num-names.tex, template file for numerical
citations + new natbib option. Eg. Jones et al. [21]
- elsarticle-num.bst, bibliographic style for numerical references
- elsarticle-harv.bst, bibliographic style for name-year references
- elsarticle-num-names.bst, bibliographic style for numerical
referencces + new natbib option for citations.
To extract elsarticle.cls from *.dtx: latex elsarticle.ins
The documentation file is elsdoc.tex in the contrib directory. To
compile it:
1. pdflatex elsdoc
2. pdflatex elsdoc
3. pdflatex elsdoc
or
use the makefile. Use the target `all' (eg: make all).
The above procedure will create a print version, namely elsdoc.pdf.
Copyright 2007-2024, Elsevier. Bugs, feature requests, suggestions and
comments may be mailed to elsarticle@stmdocs.in. elsarticle.cls,
related documentation and supporting packages are released under the
LATEX Project Public Licence, either version 1.3 or any later
version. This work has the LPPL maintenance status
'author-maintained'.
Change Log
-----------
* elsarticle.dtx
1. Frontmatter: Overfull \hbox has occurred while \output is active
https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/514218/elsarticle-frontmatter-overfull-hbox-has-occurred-while-output-is-active/515199
2. Footnotes: Updated to use non Arabic footnote numbers.
https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/669879/elsarticle-changing-symbol-used-in-fnref
3. Author-affiliation: Updated for author-wise affiliation coding.
Last author affiliation repeating for all authors problem is fixed.
4. Accent characters in address: A bug fix. Accented characters in
organisation field showed error. Hence loaded fontenc package.
5. Updated for accent problems in TeXLive 2022. Font encoding T1 used
by default
6. Removed extra space appearing after 'Appendix' label
7. updated for listing author affiliation below author names if
\affiliation command is used immediately after \author (To match
behaviour of \address command)
* elsarticle-template-harv.tex, \
elsarticle-template-num-names.tex, \
elsarticle-template-num.tex
1. Added examples for figures, tables and equations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
# $Id: makefile 243 2024-04-06 10:34:40Z rishi $
file=elsdoc
all: pdf out
make pdf
make pdf
out:
if [ -f $(file).out ] ; then cp $(file).out tmp.out; fi ;
sed 's/BOOKMARK/dtxmark/g;' tmp.out > x.out; mv x.out tmp.out ;
pdf:
pdflatex $(file).tex
index:
makeindex -s gind.ist -o $(file).ind $(file).idx
changes:
makeindex -s gglo.ist -o $(file).gls $(file).glo
xview:
# xpdf -z 200 $(file).pdf &>/dev/null
open -a 'Skim.app' $(file).pdf
view:
open -a 'Adobe Reader.app' $(file).pdf
ins:
latex $(file).ins
diff:
diff $(file).sty ../$(file).sty |less
copy:
cp $(file).sty ../
%%
%% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%%
%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
%% with harvard style bibliographic references
\documentclass[preprint,12pt,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
%% for a journal layout:
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn,authoryear]{elsarticle}
%% For including figures, graphicx.sty has been loaded in
%% elsarticle.cls. If you prefer to use the old commands
%% please give \usepackage{epsfig}
%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
\usepackage{amssymb}
%% The amsmath package provides various useful equation environments.
\usepackage{amsmath}
%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
%% \usepackage{amsthm}
%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
%% \usepackage{lineno}
\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
%% Title, authors and addresses
%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the fnref command within \author or \affiliation for footnotes;
%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the ead command for the email address,
%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
%% \ead{email address}
%% \ead[url]{home page}
%% \fntext[label2]{}
%% \cortext[cor1]{}
%% \affiliation{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%% \fntext[label3]{}
\title{} %% Article title
%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
%% \author[label1,label2]{}
%% \affiliation[label1]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%%
%% \affiliation[label2]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
\author{} %% Author name
%% Author affiliation
\affiliation{organization={},%Department and Organization
addressline={},
city={},
postcode={},
state={},
country={}}
%% Abstract
\begin{abstract}
%% Text of abstract
Abstract text.
\end{abstract}
%%Graphical abstract
\begin{graphicalabstract}
%\includegraphics{grabs}
\end{graphicalabstract}
%%Research highlights
\begin{highlights}
\item Research highlight 1
\item Research highlight 2
\end{highlights}
%% Keywords
\begin{keyword}
%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
%% Add \usepackage{lineno} before \begin{document} and uncomment
%% following line to enable line numbers
%% \linenumbers
%% main text
%%
%% Use \section commands to start a section
\section{Example Section}
\label{sec1}
%% Labels are used to cross-reference an item using \ref command.
Section text. See Subsection \ref{subsec1}.
%% Use \subsection commands to start a subsection.
\subsection{Example Subsection}
\label{subsec1}
Subsection text.
%% Use \subsubsection, \paragraph, \subparagraph commands to
%% start 3rd, 4th and 5th level sections.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Document_Structure#Sectioning_commands
\subsubsection{Mathematics}
%% Inline mathematics is tagged between $ symbols.
This is an example for the symbol $\alpha$ tagged as inline mathematics.
%% Displayed equations can be tagged using various environments.
%% Single line equations can be tagged using the equation environment.
\begin{equation}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation}
%% Unnumbered equations are tagged using starred versions of the environment.
%% amsmath package needs to be loaded for the starred version of equation environment.
\begin{equation*}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation*}
%% align or eqnarray environments can be used for multi line equations.
%% & is used to mark alignment points in equations.
%% \\ is used to end a row in a multiline equation.
\begin{align}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align}
\begin{eqnarray}
f(x) &=& (x+a)(x+b) \nonumber\\ %% If equation numbering is not needed for a row use \nonumber.
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray}
%% Unnumbered versions of align and eqnarray
\begin{align*}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
f(x)&=& (x+a)(x+b) \\
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray*}
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics
%% Use a table environment to create tables.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables
\begin{table}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use tabular environment to tag the tabular data.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables#The_tabular_environment
\centering%% For centre alignment of tabular.
\begin{tabular}{l c r}%% Table column specifiers
%% Tabular cells are separated by &
1 & 2 & 3 \\ %% A tabular row ends with \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9 \\
\end{tabular}
%% Use \caption command for table caption and label.
\caption{Table Caption}\label{fig1}
\end{table}
%% Use figure environment to create figures
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions
\begin{figure}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use \includegraphics command to insert graphic files. Place graphics files in
%% working directory.
\centering%% For centre alignment of image.
\includegraphics{example-image-a}
%% Use \caption command for figure caption and label.
\caption{Figure Caption}\label{fig1}
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Importing_Graphics#Importing_external_graphics
\end{figure}
%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
\appendix
\section{Example Appendix Section}
\label{app1}
Appendix text.
%% For citations use:
%% \citet{<label>} ==> Lamport (1994)
%% \citep{<label>} ==> (Lamport, 1994)
%%
Example citation, See \citet{lamport94}.
%% If you have bib database file and want bibtex to generate the
%% bibitems, please use
%%
%% \bibliographystyle{elsarticle-harv}
%% \bibliography{<your bibdatabase>}
%% else use the following coding to input the bibitems directly in the
%% TeX file.
%% Refer following link for more details about bibliography and citations.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management
\begin{thebibliography}{00}
%% For authoryear reference style
%% \bibitem[Author(year)]{label}
%% Text of bibliographic item
\bibitem[Lamport(1994)]{lamport94}
Leslie Lamport,
\textit{\LaTeX: a document preparation system},
Addison Wesley, Massachusetts,
2nd edition,
1994.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-template-harv.tex'.
%%
%% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%%
%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
%% with harvard style bibliographic references
\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
%% \documentclass[preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
%% for a journal layout:
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% For including figures, graphicx.sty has been loaded in
%% elsarticle.cls. If you prefer to use the old commands
%% please give \usepackage{epsfig}
%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
\usepackage{amssymb}
%% The amsmath package provides various useful equation environments.
\usepackage{amsmath}
%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
%% \usepackage{amsthm}
%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
%% \usepackage{lineno}
\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
%% Title, authors and addresses
%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the fnref command within \author or \affiliation for footnotes;
%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the ead command for the email address,
%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
%% \ead{email address}
%% \ead[url]{home page}
%% \fntext[label2]{}
%% \cortext[cor1]{}
%% \affiliation{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%% \fntext[label3]{}
\title{} %% Article title
%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
%% \author[label1,label2]{}
%% \affiliation[label1]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%%
%% \affiliation[label2]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
\author{} %% Author name
%% Author affiliation
\affiliation{organization={},%Department and Organization
addressline={},
city={},
postcode={},
state={},
country={}}
%% Abstract
\begin{abstract}
%% Text of abstract
Abstract text.
\end{abstract}
%%Graphical abstract
\begin{graphicalabstract}
%\includegraphics{grabs}
\end{graphicalabstract}
%%Research highlights
\begin{highlights}
\item Research highlight 1
\item Research highlight 2
\end{highlights}
%% Keywords
\begin{keyword}
%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
%% Add \usepackage{lineno} before \begin{document} and uncomment
%% following line to enable line numbers
%% \linenumbers
%% main text
%%
%% Use \section commands to start a section
\section{Example Section}
\label{sec1}
%% Labels are used to cross-reference an item using \ref command.
Section text. See Subsection \ref{subsec1}.
%% Use \subsection commands to start a subsection.
\subsection{Example Subsection}
\label{subsec1}
Subsection text.
%% Use \subsubsection, \paragraph, \subparagraph commands to
%% start 3rd, 4th and 5th level sections.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Document_Structure#Sectioning_commands
\subsubsection{Mathematics}
%% Inline mathematics is tagged between $ symbols.
This is an example for the symbol $\alpha$ tagged as inline mathematics.
%% Displayed equations can be tagged using various environments.
%% Single line equations can be tagged using the equation environment.
\begin{equation}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation}
%% Unnumbered equations are tagged using starred versions of the environment.
%% amsmath package needs to be loaded for the starred version of equation environment.
\begin{equation*}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation*}
%% align or eqnarray environments can be used for multi line equations.
%% & is used to mark alignment points in equations.
%% \\ is used to end a row in a multiline equation.
\begin{align}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align}
\begin{eqnarray}
f(x) &=& (x+a)(x+b) \nonumber\\ %% If equation numbering is not needed for a row use \nonumber.
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray}
%% Unnumbered versions of align and eqnarray
\begin{align*}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
f(x)&=& (x+a)(x+b) \\
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray*}
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics
%% Use a table environment to create tables.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables
\begin{table}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use tabular environment to tag the tabular data.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables#The_tabular_environment
\centering%% For centre alignment of tabular.
\begin{tabular}{l c r}%% Table column specifiers
%% Tabular cells are separated by &
1 & 2 & 3 \\ %% A tabular row ends with \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9 \\
\end{tabular}
%% Use \caption command for table caption and label.
\caption{Table Caption}\label{fig1}
\end{table}
%% Use figure environment to create figures
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions
\begin{figure}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use \includegraphics command to insert graphic files. Place graphics files in
%% working directory.
\centering%% For centre alignment of image.
\includegraphics{example-image-a}
%% Use \caption command for figure caption and label.
\caption{Figure Caption}\label{fig1}
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Importing_Graphics#Importing_external_graphics
\end{figure}
%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
\appendix
\section{Example Appendix Section}
\label{app1}
Appendix text.
%% For citations use:
%% \citet{<label>} ==> Lamport [21]
%% \citep{<label>} ==> [21]
%%
Example citation, See \citet{lamport94}.
%% If you have bib database file and want bibtex to generate the
%% bibitems, please use
%%
%% \bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num-names}
%% \bibliography{<your bibdatabase>}
%% else use the following coding to input the bibitems directly in the
%% TeX file.
%% Refer following link for more details about bibliography and citations.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management
\begin{thebibliography}{00}
%% For authoryear reference style
%% \bibitem[Author(year)]{label}
%% Text of bibliographic item
\bibitem[Lamport(1994)]{lamport94}
Leslie Lamport,
\textit{\LaTeX: a document preparation system},
Addison Wesley, Massachusetts,
2nd edition,
1994.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-template-num-names.tex'.
%%
%% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%%
%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
%% with numbered style bibliographic references
%% SP 2008/03/01
%% $Id: elsarticle-template-num.tex 249 2024-04-06 10:51:24Z rishi $
%%
\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
%% for a journal layout:
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
%% For including figures, graphicx.sty has been loaded in
%% elsarticle.cls. If you prefer to use the old commands
%% please give \usepackage{epsfig}
%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
\usepackage{amssymb}
%% The amsmath package provides various useful equation environments.
\usepackage{amsmath}
%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
%% \usepackage{amsthm}
%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
%% \usepackage{lineno}
\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
%% Title, authors and addresses
%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the fnref command within \author or \affiliation for footnotes;
%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
%% use the ead command for the email address,
%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
%% \ead{email address}
%% \ead[url]{home page}
%% \fntext[label2]{}
%% \cortext[cor1]{}
%% \affiliation{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%% \fntext[label3]{}
\title{}
%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
%% \author[label1,label2]{}
%% \affiliation[label1]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
%%
%% \affiliation[label2]{organization={},
%% addressline={},
%% city={},
%% postcode={},
%% state={},
%% country={}}
\author{} %% Author name
%% Author affiliation
\affiliation{organization={},%Department and Organization
addressline={},
city={},
postcode={},
state={},
country={}}
%% Abstract
\begin{abstract}
%% Text of abstract
Abstract text.
\end{abstract}
%%Graphical abstract
\begin{graphicalabstract}
%\includegraphics{grabs}
\end{graphicalabstract}
%%Research highlights
\begin{highlights}
\item Research highlight 1
\item Research highlight 2
\end{highlights}
%% Keywords
\begin{keyword}
%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
%% Add \usepackage{lineno} before \begin{document} and uncomment
%% following line to enable line numbers
%% \linenumbers
%% main text
%%
%% Use \section commands to start a section
\section{Example Section}
\label{sec1}
%% Labels are used to cross-reference an item using \ref command.
Section text. See Subsection \ref{subsec1}.
%% Use \subsection commands to start a subsection.
\subsection{Example Subsection}
\label{subsec1}
Subsection text.
%% Use \subsubsection, \paragraph, \subparagraph commands to
%% start 3rd, 4th and 5th level sections.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Document_Structure#Sectioning_commands
\subsubsection{Mathematics}
%% Inline mathematics is tagged between $ symbols.
This is an example for the symbol $\alpha$ tagged as inline mathematics.
%% Displayed equations can be tagged using various environments.
%% Single line equations can be tagged using the equation environment.
\begin{equation}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation}
%% Unnumbered equations are tagged using starred versions of the environment.
%% amsmath package needs to be loaded for the starred version of equation environment.
\begin{equation*}
f(x) = (x+a)(x+b)
\end{equation*}
%% align or eqnarray environments can be used for multi line equations.
%% & is used to mark alignment points in equations.
%% \\ is used to end a row in a multiline equation.
\begin{align}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align}
\begin{eqnarray}
f(x) &=& (x+a)(x+b) \nonumber\\ %% If equation numbering is not needed for a row use \nonumber.
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray}
%% Unnumbered versions of align and eqnarray
\begin{align*}
f(x) &= (x+a)(x+b) \\
&= x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{align*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
f(x)&=& (x+a)(x+b) \\
&=& x^2 + (a+b)x + ab
\end{eqnarray*}
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics
%% Use a table environment to create tables.
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables
\begin{table}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use tabular environment to tag the tabular data.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables#The_tabular_environment
\centering%% For centre alignment of tabular.
\begin{tabular}{l c r}%% Table column specifiers
%% Tabular cells are separated by &
1 & 2 & 3 \\ %% A tabular row ends with \\
4 & 5 & 6 \\
7 & 8 & 9 \\
\end{tabular}
%% Use \caption command for table caption and label.
\caption{Table Caption}\label{fig1}
\end{table}
%% Use figure environment to create figures
%% Refer following link for more details.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions
\begin{figure}[t]%% placement specifier
%% Use \includegraphics command to insert graphic files. Place graphics files in
%% working directory.
\centering%% For centre alignment of image.
\includegraphics{example-image-a}
%% Use \caption command for figure caption and label.
\caption{Figure Caption}\label{fig1}
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Importing_Graphics#Importing_external_graphics
\end{figure}
%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
\appendix
\section{Example Appendix Section}
\label{app1}
Appendix text.
%% For citations use:
%% \cite{<label>} ==> [1]
%%
Example citation, See \cite{lamport94}.
%% If you have bib database file and want bibtex to generate the
%% bibitems, please use
%%
%% \bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
%% \bibliography{<your bibdatabase>}
%% else use the following coding to input the bibitems directly in the
%% TeX file.
%% Refer following link for more details about bibliography and citations.
%% https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management
\begin{thebibliography}{00}
%% For numbered reference style
%% \bibitem{label}
%% Text of bibliographic item
\bibitem{lamport94}
Leslie Lamport,
\textit{\LaTeX: a document preparation system},
Addison Wesley, Massachusetts,
2nd edition,
1994.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `elsarticle-template-num.tex'.
%%
%% This file will generate fast loadable files and documentation
%% driver files from the doc files in this package when run through
%% LaTeX or TeX.
%%
%% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% ---------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file 'manifest.txt'.
%%
%% $Id: elsarticle.ins 251 2024-04-06 10:53:35Z rishi $
%%
%%
\input docstrip.tex
%%\keepsilent
\preamble
Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
-------------------------------------------
It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
License, either version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
later version. The latest version of this license is in
http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
version 1999/12/01 or later.
The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
given in the file `manifest.txt'.
\endpreamble
\askforoverwritefalse
\generate{\file{elsarticle.cls}{\from{elsarticle.dtx}{class}}}
\obeyspaces
\Msg{*************************************************************}
\Msg{* *}
\Msg{* To finish the installation you have to move the following *}
\Msg{* file into a directory searched by TeX: *}
\Msg{* *}
\Msg{* elsarticle.cls *}
\Msg{* and *}
\Msg{* elsarticle-*.bst *}
\Msg{* *}
\Msg{* To produce the documentation go to the ../contrib folder *}
\Msg{* and run the file elsdoc.tex through pdfLaTeX *}
\Msg{* or use the Makefile which is far more easier. *}
\Msg{* *}
\Msg{* Happy TeXing! *}
\Msg{* *}
\Msg{*************************************************************}
\endbatchfile
% Copyright 2007-2024 Elsevier Ltd
%
% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
% ---------------------------------------------
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%
% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%
% CONTENTS OF THE ELSARTICLE BUNDLE
% ===============================
Directory elsarticle/
elsarticle.dtx
Main package with driver
elsarticle.ins
installer for elsarticle.dtx
elsarticle-harv.bst
bibliographic style for author-year citation
elsarticle-num.bst
bibliographic style for numbered citation
elsarticle-num-names.bst
bibliographic style for numbered citation + new natbib options
elsarticle-template-harv.tex
article template for a document with author-year citation
elsarticle-template-num.tex
article template for a document with numbered citation
changelog.txt
change log file
manifest.txt
this file
README
small readme documentation
Directory elsarticle/doc/
The following files are graphic files needed for creating pdf output
of the documentation from elsdoc.tex:
1pseperateaug.pdf
1psingleauthorgroup.pdf
elstest-1pdoubleblind.pdf
elstest-1p.pdf
elstest-3pd.pdf
elstest-3p.pdf
elstest-5p.pdf
jfigs.pdf
elsdoc.tex -- LaTeX source file of documentation
elsdoc.pdf -- documentation for elsarticle.cls
The following files are files written out every time elsdoc.tex is
compiled:
elsdoc.aux
elsdoc.log
elsdoc.out
tmp.tex
Auxiliary packages needed to generate pdf output from elsdoc.tex:
rvdtx.sty
pdfwidgets.sty
\begin{highlights}
\item Adaptive surrogates optimize damage-aware shear-link damper geometries
\item RBF interpolation matches supervised ML with lower retraining cost
\item FEM validation filters surrogate optima before accepting final designs
\item Optimized devices balance window activation and frame damage control
\end{highlights}
......@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@
title = {A simplified model for analysis of high-rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers},
year = {2014},
issn = {1541-7808},
note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/tal.1113},
number = {15},
pages = {1158--1170},
volume = {23},
......@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@
}
@Article{Khatibinia2021,
author = {Khatibinia, M. and Ahrari, A. and Gharehbaghi, S. and Sarafrazi, S. R. and Khatibinia, M. and Ahrari, A. and Gharehbaghi, S. and Sarafrazi, S. R.},
author = {Khatibinia, M. and Ahrari, A. and Gharehbaghi, S. and Sarafrazi, S. R.},
journal = {Smart Structures and Systems},
title = {An efficient approach for optimum shape design of steel shear panel dampers under cyclic loading},
year = {2021},
......@@ -629,13 +628,12 @@ steel from coupon test results available. First, the theory of metal plasticity
urldate = {2026-05-07},
}
@Article{Chen2016,
@InProceedings{Chen2016,
author = {Chen, Tianqi and Guestrin, Carlos},
journal = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
title = {{XGBoost}: {A} {Scalable} {Tree} {Boosting} {System}},
year = {2016},
month = aug,
note = {Conference Name: KDD '16: The 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining ISBN: 9781450342322},
pages = {785--794},
abstract = {Tree boosting is a highly effective and widely used machine learning method. In this paper, we describe a scalable end-to-end tree boosting system called XGBoost, which is used widely by data scientists to achieve state-of-the-art results on many machine learning challenges. We propose a novel sparsity-aware algorithm for sparse data and weighted quantile sketch for approximate tree learning. More importantly, we provide insights on cache access patterns, data compression and sharding to build a scalable tree boosting system. By combining these insights, XGBoost scales beyond billions of examples using far fewer resources than existing systems.},
address = {San Francisco California USA},
......@@ -727,11 +725,11 @@ steel from coupon test results available. First, the theory of metal plasticity
urldate = {2026-05-07},
}
@InProceedings{RamirezMachado2025,
@Misc{RamirezMachado2025,
author = {Ramírez Machado, Brain Junior and Bozzo Fernández, Guillermo and González Lopez, Jose Manuel and Rastellini, Fernando G. and Irazábal González, Joaquín and Bozzo Rotondo, Luis Miguel},
title = {Advanced modeling of buckling delayed shear links under strong cyclic loads},
year = {2025},
organization = {National Technical University of Athens},
howpublished = {National Technical University of Athens},
abstract = {This study investigates the advanced numerical modelling of a Buckling Delayed Shear Link (BDSL) system as a response control device aimed at improving the seismic resilience of structures. This system combines shear-based dissipative devices with an improved connection that transmits shear loads while preventing axial force, allowing for in-plane rotation. It currently accommodates displacements up to 60 mm. Experimental tests using cyclic loading were performed on specific dissipative element geometry to calibrate the mechanical properties and validate the numerical model. The tests, performed at the structures laboratory of the University of Lima, Peru, adhered to cyclic loading protocols following standard codes. The tests provided the structural response of the system in terms of hysteretic curves and failure modes. The methodology focuses on creating a three-dimensional numerical model of the BDSL using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate its behaviour under cyclic loads. The FEM model of the dissipator features large displacements and incorporates both material and contact nonlinearities. ASTM A36 steel has been evaluated using a combined hardening model to represent its cyclic behaviour. A penalty-based algorithm handles contact in the special connection, ensuring accurate seismic response. The results show strong agreement regarding displacements, total shear forces, hysteretic curves, dissipated energy, and effective stiffness. Additionally, the experimental failure mode is analysed by considering key numerical variables: equivalent plastic strain and stress triaxiality. The analysis of key variables from calibrated models and numerical simulation data will be used to train a surrogate model using machine learning techniques. With this approach, the system can be optimised, and the structural response can be predicted at a low computational cost.},
language = {eng},
urldate = {2026-05-08},
......
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Time (s),Displacement H30 (mm),Displacement H45 (mm),Displacement H60 (mm)
0,0,0,0
0.0625,12,16,25
0.125,0,0,0
0.1875,-12,-16,-25
0.25,0,0,0
0.3125,12,16,25
0.375,0,0,0
0.4375,-12,-16,-25
0.5,0,0,0
0.5625,25,32,50
0.625,0,0,0
0.6875,-25,-32,-50
0.75,0,0,0
0.8125,25,32,50
0.875,0,0,0
0.9375,-25,-32,-50
1,0,0,0
1.0625,38,48,75
1.125,0,0,0
1.1875,-38,-48,-75
1.25,0,0,0
1.3125,38,48,75
1.375,0,0,0
1.4375,-38,-48,-75
1.5,0,0,0
1.5625,50,64,100
1.625,0,0,0
1.6875,-50,-64,-100
1.75,0,0,0
1.8125,50,64,100
1.875,0,0,0
1.9375,-50,-64,-100
2,0,0,0
"""
Plot the loading pattern displacement histories.
The script reads LoadPatterns.csv and saves a single-panel figure as PNG, SVG,
and PDF using the same visual format as the FEM validation plots.
"""
from pathlib import Path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams.update(
{
"font.family": "serif",
"font.serif": ["Times New Roman", "DejaVu Serif"],
"mathtext.fontset": "stix",
"font.size": 11,
"axes.labelsize": 11,
"axes.titlesize": 11,
"xtick.labelsize": 11,
"ytick.labelsize": 11,
"axes.linewidth": 0.7,
"axes.spines.top": False,
"axes.spines.right": False,
"figure.dpi": 300,
"savefig.dpi": 300,
}
)
COLORS = ["#1a6faf", "#E07060", "#4D9A57"]
COLOR_GRID = "#d8d8d8"
X_LABEL = "Time (s)"
Y_LABEL = "Displacement (mm)"
SERIES_LABELS = [r"$F_1$ and $F_2$", r"$F_3$ and $F_4$", r"$F_5$"]
def load_loading_patterns(path):
data = np.genfromtxt(path, delimiter=",", skip_header=1)
if data.ndim != 2 or data.shape[1] != 4:
raise ValueError(f"{path.name} must contain four numeric columns.")
return data[:, 0], data[:, 1:]
def style_axis(ax):
ax.grid(True, color=COLOR_GRID, linewidth=0.55, alpha=0.75)
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which="major", direction="in", length=4, width=0.7)
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which="minor", direction="in", length=2.5, width=0.6)
ax.minorticks_on()
def save_figure_all_formats(fig, out_base):
fig.savefig(f"{out_base}.png", format="png", bbox_inches="tight", dpi=300)
fig.savefig(f"{out_base}.svg", format="svg", bbox_inches="tight")
fig.savefig(f"{out_base}.pdf", format="pdf", bbox_inches="tight")
def main():
base_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
time, displacements = load_loading_patterns(base_dir / "LoadPatterns.csv")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5.2, 3.8))
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.14, right=0.985, bottom=0.28, top=0.94)
for index, label in enumerate(SERIES_LABELS):
ax.plot(
time,
displacements[:, index],
color=COLORS[index],
linewidth=1.6,
label=label,
)
ax.axhline(0, color="black", linewidth=0.55, alpha=0.65)
ax.set_xlabel(X_LABEL)
ax.set_ylabel(Y_LABEL)
ax.set_xlim(time.min(), time.max())
style_axis(ax)
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
fig.legend(
handles,
labels,
loc="lower center",
ncol=3,
frameon=False,
framealpha=0.95,
edgecolor="#cccccc",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 0.055),
)
output_base = base_dir / "LoadPatterns"
save_figure_all_formats(fig, output_base)
plt.close(fig)
print(f"Saved: {output_base}.png/.svg/.pdf")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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model,variable_type,window_group,selected_outputs,lowest_rmse_outputs,median_training_time_sec
SVR,Distortion,2W,9,9,15.92
SVR,Distortion,3W,9,9,17.12
SVR,Distortion,5W,6,3,19.1
SVR,Distortion,Total,24,21,17.56
SVR,Damage,2W,15,15,20.4
SVR,Damage,3W,21,20,24.93
SVR,Damage,5W,11,15,25.96
SVR,Damage,Total,47,50,24.37
SVR,All,2W,24,24,18.14
SVR,All,3W,30,29,21.64
SVR,All,5W,17,18,22.52
SVR,All,Total,71,71,20.91
GPR,Distortion,2W,1,1,29.17
GPR,Distortion,3W,0,0,30.37
GPR,Distortion,5W,6,9,30.47
GPR,Distortion,Total,7,10,30.32
GPR,Damage,2W,0,0,34.18
GPR,Damage,3W,2,4,34.91
GPR,Damage,5W,6,3,35.78
GPR,Damage,Total,8,7,35.06
GPR,All,2W,1,1,32.85
GPR,All,3W,2,4,32.02
GPR,All,5W,12,12,34.04
GPR,All,Total,15,17,32.83
GBR,Distortion,2W,0,0,30.94
GBR,Distortion,3W,9,9,36.03
GBR,Distortion,5W,1,0,51.03
GBR,Distortion,Total,10,9,37.7
GBR,Damage,2W,0,0,36.02
GBR,Damage,3W,0,0,42.62
GBR,Damage,5W,0,0,61.34
GBR,Damage,Total,0,0,43.03
GBR,All,2W,0,0,34.28
GBR,All,3W,9,9,40.82
GBR,All,5W,1,0,55.23
GBR,All,Total,10,9,42.11
XGBoost,Distortion,2W,0,0,22.42
XGBoost,Distortion,3W,0,0,25.93
XGBoost,Distortion,5W,2,3,29.21
XGBoost,Distortion,Total,2,3,26.57
XGBoost,Damage,2W,0,0,28.14
XGBoost,Damage,3W,0,0,32.36
XGBoost,Damage,5W,0,0,33.27
XGBoost,Damage,Total,0,0,32.63
XGBoost,All,2W,0,0,24.87
XGBoost,All,3W,0,0,30.59
XGBoost,All,5W,2,3,32.19
XGBoost,All,Total,2,3,30.32
MLP,Distortion,2W,0,0,179.17
MLP,Distortion,3W,0,0,388.92
MLP,Distortion,5W,0,0,922.75
MLP,Distortion,Total,0,0,415.35
MLP,Damage,2W,0,0,286.51
MLP,Damage,3W,1,0,822.65
MLP,Damage,5W,1,0,1208.86
MLP,Damage,Total,2,0,851.3
MLP,All,2W,0,0,231.54
MLP,All,3W,1,0,532.12
MLP,All,5W,1,0,1072.55
MLP,All,Total,2,0,638.43
RF,Distortion,2W,0,0,35.56
RF,Distortion,3W,0,0,48.28
RF,Distortion,5W,0,0,61.79
RF,Distortion,Total,0,0,49.19
RF,Damage,2W,0,0,41.27
RF,Damage,3W,0,0,54.05
RF,Damage,5W,0,0,77.83
RF,Damage,Total,0,0,56.94
RF,All,2W,0,0,39.26
RF,All,3W,0,0,49.55
RF,All,5W,0,0,71.77
RF,All,Total,0,0,51.22
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